What to Know About Colonoscopies

Did you know that colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed in both men and women in the United States, excluding skin cancers? The good news: early detection can save lives. That’s why screening is so important — and colonoscopies are considered the most thorough way to detect colorectal cancer.  

What a Colonoscopy Is and Why It’s Important  

No one looks forward to a colonoscopy — but it could save your life. This procedure allows a doctor to examine the inside of the colon and rectum for polyps or unusual growths using a thin, flexible tube called a colonoscope.  

Most polyps are harmless, but some can turn into colorectal cancer if left untreated. If polyps are found during a colonoscopy, they can often be removed immediately, lowering the risk of future cancer.

In addition to detecting cancer, colonoscopies can also help diagnose other health issues, like inflammation, bleeding, or unexplained changes in bowel habits, making them a valuable diagnostic tool for overall digestive health.  

Colorectal cancer remains a leading cause of death, particularly among adults under 50 — but early detection saves lives. Regular screenings, like colonoscopies, offer the best chance to catch potential problems early and prevent cancer before it starts. 

When to Get Screened

The U.S. Preventive Service Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening begin at age 45 for average-risk individuals. This is a shift from previous guidelines, which recommended starting at age 50. As colorectal cancer rates rise among younger adults, early screening has become even more crucial. If you are 45 or older, it’s time to start talking about your screening options with your primary care provider. The earlier potential issues are found, the better the outcome tends to be.  

The USPSTF recommends a colonoscopy every 10 years starting at age 45. People with family history of colorectal cancer, certain genetic conditions, or inflammatory bowel disease (like Crohn’s or ulcerative colitis) may need to be screened earlier or more frequently. Be sure to talk with your primary care provider and/or gastroenterologist about your risk factors, concerns, and family history so they have a full picture of your health.  

Some signs may warrant earlier screenings, such as:

• Changes in bowel habits
• Unexplained weight loss  
• Blood in the stool
• Cramping or pain in the abdomen  

Preparing for a Colonoscopy

One of the reasons people may avoid getting a colonoscopy is because of the prep work. However, it’s important to remember that preparation is a small step compared to the benefits of early detection and prevention of colorectal cancer.

Here’s what you can expect: 

• Bowel prep: you’ll need to drink a special liquid that helps clean out your colon to help your doctor get a better look.  
• No food or drinking beforehand: for a day or so before the procedure, you may have a limited diet or be unable to eat so your colon is empty.  
• Taking laxatives: You may also have to take laxatives to help clear your system.  

You'll receive detailed instructions from your provider, so be sure to follow them and ask questions if you are unsure.  

During a Colonoscopy

You will likely be put under sedation via anesthesia during a colonoscopy, and the doctor will take care of the rest. If they find any suspicious polyps, they may take a biopsy for further testing.

The procedure typically takes about 30 minutes and is performed on an outpatient basis. You’ll be monitored for an hour or so after, then you can head home with a family member or someone to drive you. After that, you should get your results in a few days.

After a colonoscopy, you should follow up with your provider to discuss your results and any next steps. If polyps were removed or biopsies were taken, your doctor will review the findings and let you know if additional screenings or treatments are needed. Even if your results are normal, it’s a good idea to confirm when your next screening should be scheduled based on your personal risk factors.  

Early detection is key in the fight against colorectal cancer, and a colonoscopy is considered the most effective method for catching potential issues early. By undergoing regular screenings, you can prevent cancer, address health concerns early, and significantly improve your chances of a positive outcome.  

Preventive colonoscopy screenings are covered under the Compass Rose Health Plan when visiting a network provider. Don't wait — take control of your health and talk to your provider about scheduling your screening today.